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White Dobermans are white with bright white markings and blue eyes.
White-factored Dobermans are Dobermans that are any other color (red, fawn, black or blue) *and carry the recessive white gene*.
How do you know they carry the white gene? Check their pedigree- if either parent is white, then the dog in question carries the white gene. If a grandparent was white, there's a chance the gene made it & possibly the dog in question is white-factored.
If there are no white dogs in the pedigree for several generations, then most likely the recessive white gene has been lost, and that brings us to Z Dobermans.
Z Dobermans is a term taken from the 'Z' which is put in the AKC registration numbers of all *possible* carriers of the white gene.
The majority of the dogs carrying the 'Z' in their registration *do not carry the white gene*.
That is why we use the term 'white-factored' (see second sentence above); to distinguish between a true carrier of the white gene, and a probable non-carrier.
*Non Z* means the dog does not carry the white gene nor a Z in his AKC registration number.
